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List of leaders of Ukraine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list that encompasses and includes all leaders and rulers in the history of Ukraine. This page includes the titles of the Grand Prince of Kiev, Grand Prince of Chernigov, Grand Prince of Pereiaslavl, Grand Prince of Galicia–Volhynia, Hetman of Ukraine and President of Ukraine. The following list begins with the leaders who ruled over the territory of Ukraine during Antiquity and is followed by the princes who ruled the principalities that constituted Kievan Rus and continues with the presidents of Ukraine.

The territory has been known by a plethora of names, it has been known historically as: Kievan Rus, Rus', the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia, the Zaporozhian Host and the Hetmanate. The sovereigns of these fluctuating political entities have accordingly been described in a variety of ways: knyaz, knyahinya, korol, hetman and president. Two of the earliest noble titles: knyaz and velyky knyaz translate into English as "Prince" and "Grand Prince" respectively, whilst korol translates into 'king'.

The list includes its presidents both before and after the Soviet era, and the Soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the presidents, were not formal heads of state. Ukraine has had only eight presidents since 1917, divided into two periods (1917–1921 and 1991–present). In between, the country was a part of the Soviet Union (1922–1991) with the name of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Princes of Kiev

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Legendary princes (482–882)

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Portrait Name Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes

большой палец

Kyi 5th–6th centuries 482 ? A legendary founder of Kiev, a Slavic prince of Kuyavia, most likely eastern Polans

большой палец

Askold and Dir[1]
(Old Norse: Høskuldr
and Dýri)
? – 882 c. 842[2] 882 Probably of Swedish origin, Varangian konungs, not Rurikids, were rulers (khagans) of Kiev, which wasn't yet Kievan Rus'.

Rurik Dynasty (862–1362)

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Personal seal of Yaroslav the Wise

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik (Ukrainian: Рюрик) (Hrørekr), a Varangian pagan konung or chieftain, who according to the Primary Chronicle was invited to rule Novgorod in 862 and who came to become the ruler of the Northern Slavic tribes of the (Krivchians and Slovene) as well as the Finnish tribes (Meria, Chud and Ves). Later his son or grandson, Prince Ihor, became the Prince of separate Kievan territories to the south beginning the rule of the Riurykide dynasty of Kievan Rus. The existence of Rurik is a point of contention for historians, P. Kovaletsky and Omeljan Pritsak believe that Rurik was the same person as Hroereckr (Rorik), the 9th century Norse king of Jutland and Frisia and that pervasive myths and legends about him formed the basis for the primary chroniclers. Alternatively, Alexsei Shakmatov accepts the Primary Chronicle's account as factual and Rurik is a historic being.[3]

Partitions of Kievan Rus' in Ukrainian territory under Rurik dynasty[4]

Grand Principality of Rus', Kievan Rus'
(862-1132)
                                  
Principality
of Kiev

(1132-1301)
Principality
of Chernihiv

(1097-1307)
Principality of Halych
(1097-1199)
(divided in Terebovlia,
Peremyshl and Zvenigorod until 1141)
Principality
of Volhynia

(1097-1199)
Principality
of Pereyaslavl

(1097-1215)
              Kingdom of Halych-Volhynia
(1199-1345)
      
              Annexed to
Vladimir-Suzdal
Annexed to
Lithuania
Annexed to Lithuania
(since 1401)
Halych to Poland;
Volhynia to Lithuania

(Note: As many princes ruled at different times in many places, the numbering of the princes is restricted to the Kievan Rus'/Kiev and the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia)

Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort Death Notes
Rurik I
(Рюрик)
Old Norse: Rørik
Unknown 862–879 Kievan Rus'
(at Novgorod)
Unknown
at least one son
879 Ruled as Prince of Novgorod. Founder of the family.
Oleg the Seer
(Олег Віщий)
Old Norse: Helgi
[5]
Unknown 879–912 Kievan Rus' Unknown 912 Varangian kniaz of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev). His relationship with the family is unknown. He was probably a regent, in name of Igor, son of Rurik. Oleg extended his rule over the Derevlianians, Siverianians, Radmichians and Polianians. Began campaigns against the Khazars. Proclaimed himself Prince.
Igor I the Old
Igor Rurikovich
(Ігор Старий[6])
Old Norse: Ingvar Röreksson
c.878
Son of Rurik
912–945 Kievan Rus' 901 or 902
at least one son
945
Iskorosten
aged 66–67
Saint Olga of Kiev
(Свята Ольга)
Old Norse: Helga
c.890
Pskov
945–962 Kievan Rus' 11 July 969
Kiev
aged 78–79
Regent on behalf of her minor son, she was baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev.
Sviatoslav I the Brave
Sviatoslav Igorevich
(Святосла́в Хоро́брий)
Old Norse: Sveinald Ingvarsson
[7]
c.942
possibly Kiev
Son of Igor I the Old and Saint Olga of Kiev
962 – March 972 Kievan Rus' Predslava
c.954
two sons

Malusha/Malfrida[8][9]
c.958
at least one son
March 972
Khortytsia
aged 29–30
The first true ruler of Rus' who destroyed the Khazar Khaganate and united all of the Rus' principalities under the Kiev throne.
Yaropolk I
Yaropolk Sviatoslavich
(Яропо́лк Святосла́вич)
Old Norse: Iaropolk Sveinaldsson
c.950
Son of Sviatoslav I the Brave and Predslava
March 972 – 980 Kievan Rus' A Greek nun
at least one son
980
Fort of Roden, near Kaniv
aged 29–30
Supposedly was baptised into Catholicism, and then was murdered by two Varangians.
Vladimir I the Great
Vladimir Basil Sviatoslavich
(Володимир Великий/Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь)
Old Norse: Valdamarr Sveinaldsson
c.958
Budiatychi
Son of Sviatoslav I and Malusha/Malfrida
980 – 15 July 1015 Kievan Rus' Olava/Allogia
c.977
at least one son

A Greek nun
(widow of his brother)
c.980
at least one son

Rogneda of Polotsk
c.978
(possibly in bigamy)
eight children

Adela (of Bulgaria?)
at least two children (maximum four)

Malfrida (of Bohemia?)
Before 1000
two children

Anna Porphyrogenita of Byzantium
988
Cherson
three children

Regelindis (?) of Saxony (granddaughter of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor)
After 1011
one or two daughters

Unknown
two children
15 July 1015
Berestove
(now part of Kiev)
aged 57–58
His early rule is characterized by a staunch pagan reaction but in 988 he was baptized into Orthodoxy and successfully converted Kievan Rus' to Christianity.
Sviatopolk I the Accursed
Sviatopolk Yaropolkovich
(Святополк Окаянний)
Old Norse: Sveinpolk Iaropolksson
c.980
Kiev
Son of Sviatoslav I and Predslava
15 July 1015 – 1019 Kievan Rus' Unknown name
(daughter of Bolesław I of Poland)
no children
1019
Brest
aged 38–39
Yaroslav I the Wise
Yaroslav George Vladimirovich
(Яросла́в Му́дрий)
Old Norse: Jarizleifr Valdamarrsson
[10]
c.978
Third son of Vladimir I the Great and Rogneda of Polotsk
1019 – 20 February 1054 Kievan Rus' Ingigerda of Sweden
1019
Novgorod
eight or nine children
20 February 1054
Vyshhorod
aged 75–76
Prince of Rostov, Prince of Novgorod, and Grand Prince of Kiev; during his reign Kievan Rus' reached the pinnacle of its power.
Iziaslav I
Iziaslav Demetrius Yaroslavich
(Ізяслав Ярославич)
Old Norse: Izjasleifr(?) Jarizleifsson
c.1024
Second son of Yaroslav I and Ingigerda of Sweden
20 February 1054 – 14 September 1068

April 1069 – 22 May 1073

15 July 1076 – 3 October 1078
Kievan Rus' Gertrude of Poland
1043
three children
3 October 1078
Nizhyn
aged 53–54
Reigned three times, threatened by the power of his relatives Vseslav of Polotsk (1068–69) and Sviatoslav II of Kiev (1073–76). First ruler titled King of Rus' , as Pope Gregory VII sent him a crown from Rome in 1075.
Vseslav the Seer
Vseslav Basil Bryacheslavich
(Всеслав Брячиславич)
c.1039
Polotsk
Son of Bryachislav of Polotsk
14 September 1068 – April 1069 Kievan Rus' Unknown
six children
24 April 1101
Polotsk
aged 61–62
A brief ruler during Iziaslav's official reign. Also Prince of Polotsk.
Sviatoslav II
Sviatoslav Nicholas Yaroslavich
(Святослав Ярославич)
Old Norse: Sveinald Jarizleifsson
c.1027
Kiev
Third son of Yaroslav I and Ingigerda of Sweden
22 May 1073 – 15 July 1076 Kievan Rus' Cecilia of Dithmarschen [citation needed]
Between 1043 and 1047
five children

Oda of Stade (Nordmark)
c.1065
one son
27 December 1076
Kiev
aged 48–49
A brief ruler during his brother Iziaslav's official reign.
Vsevolod I
Vsevolod Andrew Yaroslavich
(Всеволод Ярославич)
Old Norse: Vissivald Jarizleifsson
c.1030
Fourth son of Yaroslav I the Wise and Ingigerda of Sweden
3 October 1078 – 13 April 1093 Kievan Rus' Anastasia of Byzantium
c.1053
two children

Anna of the Kipchaks
c.1070
four children
13 April 1093
Vyshhorod
aged 62–63
Usurped the throne from his nephew, Yaropolk Iziaslavich.
Saint Yaropolk Izyaslavich
Yaropolk Peter Iziaslavich
(Ярополк Ізяславич)
Old Norse: Iaropolk Izjasleifsson (?)
c.1043
First son of Iziaslav I and Gertrude of Poland
3 October 1078 – 22 November 1087 Kievan Rus'
(in opposition)
Kunigunde of Meissen
c.1071
four children
22 November 1087
Zvenyhorod
aged 62–63
As hereditary King of Rus (title assumed until his death), was a legitimate contestant for the throne, usurped by his uncle.
Sviatopolk II
Sviatopolk Michael Iziaslavich
(Всеволод Ярославич)
Old Norse: Sveinpolk Izjasleifsson (?)
8 November 1050
Second son of Iziaslav I and Gertrude of Poland
13 April 1093 – 26 April 1113 Kievan Rus' Unknown name
(daughter of Spytihněv II of Bohemia)[11]
c.1085
three children

Olenna of the Kipchaks
c.1094
four children
26 April 1113
Vyshhorod
aged 62
Recovered the throne of his father from his uncle. However, his descendants lost their rights to the Kievan throne. After the division of the territory made in the Council of Liubech of 1097, Kievan Rus' gradually lost its importance, and from 1132 changed name to Kiev.
After the Council of Liubech in 1097 Kievan Rus' entered a feudal period and was divided into principalities ruled by the Rurikid family princes who were in a constant power struggle with each other. Major principalities were: Galicia-Volhynia, Kiev, Chernihiv, and Pereyaslavl. In the period of 1240–1362, the three latter ones were forced to accept the Golden Horde overlordship. See List of early East Slavic states
David Sviatoslavich 1050
Third son of Sviatoslav II and Cecilia of Dithmarschen
1097 – 1 August 1123 Chernihiv Teodosia
five children
1 August 1123
aged 72-73
David Igorevich 1055
Son of Igor Yaroslavich
1097 – 1099 Volhynia Unknown
three children
25 May 1112
Dorogobuzh
aged 56-57
Grandson of Yaroslav I.
Volodar Rostislavych c.1060?
First son of Rostislav Vladimirovich of Tmutarakan and Helena of Hungary
1097 - 19 March 1124 Halych
(at Zvenigorod and Peremyshl)
? of Pomerania
four children
19 March 1124
aged 63-64?
Holders of the region since 1092, since 1097 had fuller control over the principality.
Vasilko Rostislavich c.1066
Second son of Rostislav Vladimirovich of Tmutarakan and Helena of Hungary
1097 - 28 February 1124 Halych
(at Terebovlia)
Unknown
three children
28 February 1124
aged 57-58?
Vladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir Basil Vsevolodovich
(Володимир Мономах)
Old Norse: Valdamarr Vissivaldsson
1053
Son of Vsevolod I and Anastasia of Byzantium
1097 – 26 April 1113 Pereyaslavl Gytha of Wessex
c.1074
five or six children

Euphemia of Byzantium
c.1100
six or seven children

Unknown name
(daughter of Aepa Ocenevich, Khan in Cumania)
After 1107
no known children
19 May 1125
Kiev
aged 71–72
Ruled against his relative Sviatopolk II until his own accession to the throne in 1113. He is considered to be the last ruler of the united Kievan Rus'.
26 April 1113 – 19 May 1125 Kievan Rus'
Mstislav Sviatopolkovich ?
Illegitimate son of Sviatopolk II
1099 - 12 June 1099 Volhynia Unknown 12 June 1099
Volodymyr
Yaroslav Sviatopolkovich c. 1070
Son of Sviatopolk II and ? of Bohemia
12 June 1099 – 1118 Volhynia Unknown
(daughter of Ladislaus I of Hungary)
c.1091

Judith-Maria of Poland
c.1106

Unknown
(daughter of Mstislav I of Kiev)
c.1112

three/four children in total
May 1124
aged 53-54
Retired in 1118.
Sviatoslav Vladimirovich 1079
Third son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex
26 April 1113 – 6 March 1114 Pereyaslavl Unmarried 6 March 1114
Pereyaslavl
aged 34-35
Son of Vladimir II Monomakh.
Roman Vladimirovich 1081
Fourth son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex
1118 – 6 January 1119 Volhynia ? Volodarevna of Peremyshl
no children
6 January 1119
Volodymyr
aged 37-38
Constantine Sviatoslavich the Blessed[12] 1070
First son of Sviatoslav II and Oda of Stade
1 August 1123 – 1127 Chernihiv Unknown
three children
1129
aged 58-59
Igor Vasilkovich c.1100?
First son of Vasilko Rostislavich
28 February 1124 - 1141 Halych
(at Terebovlia)
Anna Vsevolodovna of Chernihiv
no children
1141
Halych
aged 40-41?
After their deaths, their cousin Vladimir reunited Terebovlia with Peremyshl and Zvenigorod.
Rostislav Vasilkovich c.1100?
Second son of Vasilko Rostislavich
Unknown c.1141
aged 40-41?
Rostislav Volodarevich c.1100
First son of Volodar Rostislavich and ? of Pomerania
19 March 1124 - 1129 Halych
(at Peremyshl)
? of Pomerania
four children
1129
aged 28-29?
Children of Volodar, divided their principalities, but Vladimir ended up reuniting his family's patrimony, forming in 1141 the Principality of Halych.
Vladimir Volodarevich 1104br>Second son of Volodar Rostislavich and ? of Pomerania 19 March 1124 – 1153 Halych
(at Zvenigorod; in Peremyshl since 1129, and Terebovlia since 1141)
Sophia of Hungary
c.1117
four children
1153
aged 48-49
Mstislav I the Great
Mstislav Theodore Vladimirovich
(Мстислав Великий)
Old Norse: Haraldr Valdamarrsson
1 June 1076
Turov
First son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex
19 May 1125 – 14 April 1132 Kievan Rus' Christina of Sweden
1095
ten children

Liubava Dmitrievna Zavidich
1122
two children
14 April 1132
Kiev
aged 55
After his reign Kievan Rus' fell into recession starting a rapid decline: the Rus' became reduced to Kiev.
Yaropolk II 1082
Fifth son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex
1114 – 14 April 1132 Pereyaslavl Helena of Ossetia
1116
one child
18 February 1139
aged 56-57
14 April 1132 – 18 February 1139 Kiev
Vsevolod Mstislavich
Vsevolod David Mstislavich
1103
Novgorod
Second son of Mstislav I and Christina of Sweden
14 April 1132 – 1132 Pereyaslavl Anna
before 1125
four children
11 February 1138
Pskov
aged 34-35
Also prince in Novgorod (1117-32, 1132-36) and Vyshgorod (1136)
Viacheslav I 1083
Chernihiv
Sixth son of Vladimir II and Gytha of Wessex
1133–1134 Pereyaslavl Unknown
before 1139
one child
2 February 1154
Kiev
aged 70-71
Deposed.
18 February - 4 March 1139 Kiev
Andrey Vladimirovich the Good 11 July 1102
Pereyaslavl
Second son of Vladimir II and Euphemia of Byzantium or ? of the Kipchaks
6 January 1119 – 1135 Volhynia Unknown
(daughter of Tugor-khan of Polotsk)
c.1117
two children
22 January 1141
Pereyaslavl
aged 38
1135 – 22 January 1141 Pereyaslavl
Vsevolod II
Vsevolod Kirill Olegovich
1094
First son of Oleg Sviatoslavich and ? of Cumania
1127 – 4 March 1139 Chernihiv Maria Mstislavna of Kiev
1116
one child
1 August 1146
Vyshgorod
aged 51-52
Grandson of Sviatoslav II, married Maria, sister of Mstislav I, Yaropolk II and Viacheslav I.
4 March 1139 – 1 August 1146 Kiev
Vladimir Davidovich c.1110?
First son of David Sviatoslavich and Teodosia
4 March 1139 – 12 May 1151 Chernihiv ? Vsevolodovna of Grodno
1144
one child
12 May 1151
aged c.40-41?
Saint Igor II 1096
Second son of Oleg Sviatoslavich and ? of Cumania
2 - 12 August 1146 Kiev Unmarried 19 September 1147
aged 50-51
Deposed.
Iziaslav II 1096[13]
Novgorod
First son of Mstislav I and Christina of Sweden
1132-1133

1141 – 12 August 1146
Pereyaslavl Agnes of Hohenstaufen
before 1151
five children

Rusudan of Georgia[13]
1154
no children
13 November 1154[13]
Kiev
aged 57-58
1135-1141

1146–1151
Volhynia
12 August 1146[14] – 1149

1151 - 13 November 1154
Kiev
Yuri I the Long-Armed 1099
Pereyaslavl
Second son of Vladimir II and Euphemia of Byzantium or ? of the Kipchaks
1132

1134-1135
Pereyaslavl Two wives
fifteen children
15 May 1157
Kiev
aged 58-59
1149–1151

1155 – 15 May 1157
Kiev
Sviatopolk Mstislavich 1114
Fourth son of Mstislav I and Christina of Sweden
1151 – 20 February 1154 Volhynia Euphemia of Olomouc[15]
1143 or 1144
no children
20 February 1154
Iziaslav III 1115
Second son of David Sviatoslavich and Teodosia
1151 – 1154

1155-15 May 1157
Chernihiv Unknown
one child
6 March 1161
Kiev
aged 45-46
13 November 1154–1155

15 May 1157 – 12 April 1159

12 February 1161 - 6 March 1161
Kiev
Rostislav I 1110
Kiev
Third son of Mstislav I and Christina of Sweden
8 - 15 December 1154

12 April 1159 – 12 February 1161

6 March 1161 - 14 March 1167
Kiev Unknown
eight children
14 March 1167
aged 56-57
Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Eight-Minded 1130
Son of Vladimir Volodarevich and Sophia of Hungary
1153 – 1 October 1187 Halych Olga Yurievna of Vladimir-Suzdal
four children

Anastasia
one child
1 October 1187
Halych
aged 56-57
Sviatoslav Olegovich 1106/07
Third son of Oleg Sviatoslavich and ? of Cumania
1154–1155

15 May 1157 – 14 February 1164
Chernihiv ? of Cumania
two children

Ekaterina Petrovna of Novgorod
four children
14 February 1164
aged 58-60
Mstislav II the Brave 1125
First son of Iziaslav II and Agnes of Hohenstaufen
12 August 1146 – 1149

6 April 1151 – 1154
Pereyaslavl Agnes of Poland
1151
three children
19 August 1170
Veliky Novgorod
aged 44-45
1157 - 19 August 1170 Volhynia
19 May 1167 - 12 March 1169

March 1170 - 19 August 1170
Kiev
Rostislav Yurievich c.1120?
First son of Yuri I
1149 – 6 April 1151 Pereyaslavl Unknown
before 1151
three children
6 April 1151
Pereyaslavl
aged
Son of Yuri I.
Gleb 1125
Fourth son of Yuri I
1154 – 1169 Pereyaslavl ? Iziaslavna of Chernihiv
1154
three children
20 January 1171
Kiev
aged 45-46
1169

1170 – 20 January 1171
Kiev
Vladimir III 1132
First son of Mstislav I and Liubava Dmitrievna Zavidich
1154 – 1157 Volhynia Unknown
(daughter of Grand Prince Beloš Vukanović of Serbia)
1150
four children
30 May 1171
Kiev
aged 38-39
17 February 1171 - 30 May 1171 Kiev
Vladimir Glebovich 1157
Son of Gleb and ? Iziaslavna of Chernihiv
1169 – 18 April 1187 Pereyaslavl Unknown
1180
no children
18 April 1187
Pereyaslavl
aged 29-30
Sviatoslav Mstislavich ?
Third son of Mstislav II and Agnes of Poland
19 August 1170 – 1173 Volhynia Unknown 1173 or 1193
Michael I 1145
Suzdal
Tenth son of Yuri I
12 June - 1 July 1171 Kiev Fevronia
before 1176
two children
20 June 1176
Gorodets
aged 30-31
Also Grand Duke of Vladimir (1175-1176).
Roman I c.1130
Smolensk
First son of Rostislav I
1 July 1171–1173

1175–1177
Kiev Maria Sviatoslavna of Chernihiv
9 January 1149
three children
14 June 1180
Smolensk
aged 49-50
Vsevolod III the Big Nest 19 October 1154
Dmitrov
Eleventh son of Yuri I
1173 Kiev Maria Shvarnovna
fourteen children

Liubava Vasilkovna of Vitebsk
1209
no children
15 April 1212
Vladimir
aged 57
Also Grand Duke of Vladimir (1176-1212).
Rurik II c.1137
Second son of Rostislav I
1173

1180–1182

1194–1202

1203–1204

1206

1207–1210
Kiev Unknown
1163

Anna Yurievna of Turov[16]
before 1176
six children
19 April 1214
Chernihiv
aged 76-77
Also Prince of Ovruch (1167-1194), city which was probably his original seat.
1212 – 19 April 1214[17] Chernihiv
Sviatoslav III 1123
Chernihiv
First son of Vsevolod II and Maria Mstislavna of Kiev
1141-1146 Volhynia Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk
1143
eight children
25 July 1194
Brest
aged 70-71
14 February 1164 – 1180 Chernihiv
1173–1174

1177-1180

1182 - 25 July 1194
Kiev
Yaroslav II 1132
Second son of Iziaslav II and Agnes of Hohenstaufen
1174–1175

1180
Kiev Richeza of Bohemia
1149
four children
1180
Lutsk
aged 47-48
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich 1139
Chernihiv
Second son of Vsevolod II and Maria Mstislavna of Kiev
1180 – 1198 Chernihiv Irene[18][19]
before 1171
three children
1198
aged 58-59
Yaroslav Mstislavich the Red c.1160
Son of Mstislav Yurevich of Vladimir-Suzdal and ? of Cumania
18 April 1187 – 1199 Pereyaslavl Unmarried 1199
aged 38-39
Grandson of Yuri I.
Oleg Yaroslavich Nastasich ?
Son of Yaroslav Vladimirovich and Anastasia
1 October 1187 - 1187 Halych Unknown 1187/8
Halych
Vladimir Yaroslavich 1151
Son of Yaroslav Vladimirovich and Olga Yurievna of Vladimir-Suzdal
1187–1188

1189–1199
Halych Boleslava
c.1166
one child
1199
Halych
aged 46-47
After his death, Halych reunited with Volhynia.
Igor Sviatoslavich the Brave
Igor Yuri Sviatoslavich
(Ігор Святославич)
Old Norse:Ingvar Sveinaldsson
2 April 1151
Novhorod-Siverskyi
First son of Sviatoslav Olegovich and Ekaterina Petrovna of Novgorod
1198 – 29 December 1202 Chernihiv Euphrosyne Yaroslavna of Halych[20]
before 1170
five children
29 December 1202
Chernihiv
aged 51
Ingvar 1152
Son of Yaroslav II and Richeza of Bohemia
1202–1203
1212–1214
Kiev Unknown
five children
1220
aged 68-69
Roman I the Great
(Роман Мстиславич)
1152
First son of Mstislav II and Agnes of Poland
1188–1189 Halych Predslava Rurikovna of Ovruch
1170 or 1180
two children

Anna-Euphrosyne Angelina
c.1197
two children
19 June 1205
Zawichost
aged 52–53
Son-in-law of Rurik II. His reign marked the rise of Galicia-Volhynia as a Kievan Rus' successor state. Galicia-Volhynia was a Ruthenian

[21][22][23][24][25][26] state in Galicia and Volhynia.

1173-1188

1188–1198
Volhynia
1198 – 19 June 1205
(as Prince[27])
Volhynia & Halych, then Galicia-Volhynia
February 1204 – 19 June 1205 Kiev
Vsevolod Mstislavich c.1160
Fourth son of Mstislav II and Agnes of Poland
1188 Volhynia Unknown
three children
April 1195
Belzaged 34-35
Rostislav II 13 April 1172
First son of Rurik II and Anna Yurievna of Turov
February 1204 – 19 June 1205 Kiev Verchoslava Vsevolodovna of Vladimir-Suzdal
15 June 1187
one child
3 March 1218
aged 45
Son-in-law of Vsevolod III. Ruled with Roman the Great, his brother-in-law.
Oleg Sviatoslavich 1147
Son of Sviatoslav Olegovich and ? of Cumania
29 December 1202 – 1204 Chernihiv Euphrosyne Yurievna of Yelets
1176
two children
1204
Chernihiv
aged 56-57
Vsevolod IV the Red c.1150
Second son of Sviatoslav III and Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk
1204 – 1212

19 April 1214 – August 1215
Chernihiv Maria Anastasia of Poland
14 October or 24 December 1178[citation needed] or 14 November 1179
four children
August 1215
Chernihiv
aged 64-65
1206–1207

1210 - August 1215
Kiev
Regency of Anna-Euphrosyne Angelina (1205-1214) Held many titles since early childhood culminating with the crowning by a papal legate, archbishop Opizo, in Dorohychyn in 1253, King of Rus'. the title became hereditary in his domains.
Daniel
(Данило Романович)
1201
Halych
Son of Roman the Great and Anna-Euphrosyne Angelina
19 June 1205 – 1264 Galicia-Volhynia Anna Mstislavna of Novgorod
c.1220
eight children

? of Lithuania
(niece of Mindaugas)
c.1250
no children
1264
Kholm
aged 62-63
Coloman of Galicia
(Kálmán)
1208
Second son of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania
1215 – 1221 Galicia-Volhynia
(in opposition)
Salomea of Poland
1215
no children
May 1241
Čazma
aged 32–33
Hungarian prince Kálmán, Prince of Halych (1214–15), became the first anointed and crowned and King of Galicia-Volhynia (rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) in 1215. Despite that, the first nominal king of Galicia was Andrew II of Hungary (r.1188-90).[28][29][30] Also Duke of Slavonia from 1226.
Mstislav III the Old 1156
Smolensk
Second son of Roman I and Maria Sviatoslavna of Chernihiv
19 April 1214 – 2 June 1223 Kiev Unknown
1116
seven children
2 June 1223
Kalchyk River
aged 66-67
Gleb Sviatoslavich 1168
Fourth son of Sviatoslav III and Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk
August 1215 – 1217 Chernihiv Anastasia Rurikovna of Ovruch
1183
three children
1220[18]
aged 51-52
Son-in-law of Rurik II.
Mstislav Sviatoslavich c.1170
Fifth son of Sviatoslav III and Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk
1217 – 31 May 1223 Chernihiv Yasynya-Marfa Shvarnovna
1183
four children
31 May 1223
Kalchyk River
aged 66-67
Brother-in-law of Vsevolod III.
Vladimir IV September-December 1187
Second son of Rurik II and Anna Yurievna of Turov
1206 – 1213 Pereyaslavl Unknown
before 1239
four children
3 March 1239
Ovruch
aged 51
2 June 1223 – 1235

1236 – 3 March 1239
Kiev
Vladimir Vsevolodovich 25 October 1193
Sixth son of Vsevolod III and Maria Shvarnovna
1213–1215[31] Pereyaslavl unknown
before 1239
four children
6 December 1227
Starodub-on-the-Klyazma
aged 34
After his death the Principality was integrated on the Principality of Yaroslavl and then on the Principality of Vladimir.
Pereyaslavl was annexed by Yaroslavl, and then by Vladimir-Suzdal. See Russian rulers for later princes.
Iziaslav IV 1186
Son of Mstislav III
1235–1236 Kiev Agafia
no children
1255
aged 68-69
Yaroslav III 8 February 1191
Pereslavl-Zalessky
Fifth son of Vsevolod III and Maria Shvarnovna
1199 - 1206 Pereyaslavl Unknown
1205
no children

Rostislava of Novgorod
1214
(annulled 1216)
no children

Teodosia Mstislavna of Ryazan
1218
twelve children
30 September 1246
Karakorum
aged 55
Also Grand Duke of Vladimir (1238-1246).
1236–1238

20 - 30 September 1246
Kiev
Saint Michael II 1179
Kiev
First son of Vsevolod IV and Maria Anastasia of Poland
1206 Pereyaslavl Helena Daniilovna of Galicia-Volhynia
1210 or 1211[32]
seven children
20 September 1246
Sarai
aged 66-67
While in negotiations with the Golden Horde, his son Rostislav took briefly Kiev throne in 1239, before being expelled by Daniel of Galicia, who protected Kiev's throne until Michael's return in 1240. However, the city was destroyed in that year. Regained Chernihiv throne in 1243, co-ruling with his cousin Andrey Mstislavich.
31 May 1223 - 1234

1243 - 20 September 1246
Chernihiv
1238–1239

1239 – 20 September 1246
Kiev
Mstislav Glebovich c.1210?
Son of Gleb Sviatoslavich and Anastasia Rurikovna of Ovruch
1234 – 1239 Chernihiv Unknown
before 1239
two children
1239/40
aged 29-30?
Rostislav III 1189
Son of Mstislav III
1239 Kiev Unknown
five children
align="center"c.1240
aged 50-51
While Michael II was negotiating with the Golden Horde, Rostislav took Kiev in 1239, but was expelled by Daniel of Galicia, who put Voivode Dmytro to protect Kiev's throne.
Rostislav Mikhailovich 1219
First son of Michael II and Helena Daniilovna of Galicia-Volhynia
1239–1243 Chernihiv Anna of Hungary
1243
five children
1262
Belgrade
aged 42-43
While his father was negotiating with the Golden Horde, Rostislav took Chernihiv in 1239, which then returned to Michael. Rostislav made most of his career out of Rus', competing for the Bulgarian throne, and holding the titles of Duke of Macsó and Ban of Slavonia.
Andrey Mstislavich[33] ?
Son of Mstislav Glebovich
1245–1246 Chernihiv Unknown 1246 Co-ruling with Michael II in Chernihiv.
Saint Alexander Nevsky 13 May 1221
Pereslavl-Zalessky
Second son of Yaroslav III and Teodosia Mstislavna of Ryazan
30 September 1246 – 14 November 1263 Kiev Praskovia-Alexandra Bryacheslavna of Polotsk
1239
five children

Vassilissa
before 1263
no children
14 November 1263
Gorodets
aged 42
Also Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252-1263).
Andrey Vsevolodovich c.1190
Second son of Vsevolod IV and Maria Anastasia of Poland
20 September 1246 – 1263 Chernihiv Unknown 1263
aged 72-73
Yaroslav IV 1230
Sixth son of Yaroslav III and Teodosia Mstislavna of Ryazan
14 November 1263 – 16 September 1271 Kiev Natalia
before 1252
two children

Saint Xenia of Tarusa
1265
four children
16 September 1271
Tver
aged 40-41
Also Grand Prince of Vladimir.
Roman Mikhailovich I the Elder c.1220
Second son of Michael II and Helena Daniilovna of Galicia-Volhynia
1263 - 1288 Chernihiv Anna
four children
1288
aged c.67-68
Leo I
(Лев Дани́лович)
1228
Second son of Daniel and Anna Mstislavna of Novgorod
1264 – 1301 Galicia-Volhynia Constance of Hungary
1246/47
three children
1301
Lviv
aged 72-73
Moved the capital of Galicia from Kholm to Lviv in 1272. After his death Kiev fell to Lithuania: until at least 1362, were installed Lithuanian governors in Kiev.[34]
16 September 1271 – 1301 Kiev
Kiev annexed to Lithuania
Oleg Romanovich c.1245
Second son of Roman Mikhailovich I and Anna
1288-1292/1303 Chernihiv Unmarried 30 September 1307
aged c.61-62
Resigned.
Michael Alexandrovich c.1240
Son of Alexander Romanovich, Prince of Bryansk
1292/1303-1307 Chernihiv Unknown
one child
After 1307
Chernihiv
aged c.60-61
Grandson of Roman Mikhailovich I. With his death, the Chernigov line apparently died out; the principality was taken by the Ruriks of Smolensk, princes of Bryansk and descendants of Rostislav I and Roman I.
Chernihiv annexed to the Principality of Bryansk (1307-1401) and then to Lithuania (since 1401)
Yuri I
(Ю́рій Льво́вич)
24 April 1252
Lviv
Son of Leo I and Constance of Hungary
1301 – 21 April 1308 Galicia-Volhynia Xenia Alexandrovna of Vladimir-Suzdal
1282
one child

Euphemia of Kuyavia
1287
four children
21 April 1308
Lviv
aged 55
Andrey
(Андрій Юрієвич)
c.1290
Lviv
First son of Yuri I and Euphemia of Kuyavia
21 April 1308 – May 1323 Galicia-Volhynia Unknown
one child
May 1323
Berestia
aged c.32-33
Ruled jointly, and died also together in battle.
Leo II
(Лев Юрійович)
c.1290
Lviv
Second son of Yuri I and Euphemia of Kuyavia
Unknown
Maria
(Марія Юріївна)
c.1290
Lviv
First daughter of Yuri I and Euphemia of Kuyavia
May 1323 - 11 January 1341 Galicia-Volhynia
(in Halych and Lviv)
Trojden I, Duke of Masovia
1310
four children
11 January 1341
aged c.50-51
Heiresses of the realm, and the true owners of power, Maria and Euphemia (aunt and niece) divided Halych-Volhynia in halves, and ruled them with their respective co-rulers: Maria ruled with her son, and Euphemia with her husband. Their division would also dictate the later Galicia–Volhynia Wars, in which Poland claimed all of the kingdom by having a higher claim than Lithuania. In spite of this, Poland kept only Halych, while Volhynia was annexed to Lithuania.
Yuri II Boleslav[35]
(Юрій-Болеслав Тройденович)
1311
Lviv
First son of Trojden I, Duke of Masovia and Maria
May 1323 - 7 April 1340 Euphemia of Lithuania (uk)
1331
no children
7 April 1340
Volodymyraged 28-29
Anna-Euphemia
(Ганна-Буча-Євфимія Андрійівна)
c.1310
Lviv
Daughter of Andrey
May 1323 - c.1345? Galicia-Volhynia
(in Volhynia and Lutsk)
Liubartas
1321/23
no children
1345?
aged c.34-35?
Liubartas
(Лю́барт-Дмитро)
1311
Son of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Jaunė
Anna-Euphemia
1321/23
no children

Olga Agafiya Konstantinovna of Rostov
1349
four children
4 August 1383
aged 71-72
Halych annexed to Poland; Volhynia annexed to Lithuania

Under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1362–1471)

[edit]

In the early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Gediminas defeated a Slavic army led by Stanislav of Kiev at the Battle on the Irpen' River, and conquered the city. The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to the Golden Horde. Finally, as a result of the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev and surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Voivodes of Kiev

[edit]
Kostiantyn Vasyl Ostrozky

Under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1471–1569)

[edit]

Under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1793)

[edit]

When the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed by the Union of Lublin in 1569, Kiev and surrounding areas, Podolia, Volhynia, and Podlaskie, as the Kiev Voivodeship, Bratslav Voivodeship, Volhynian Voivodeship, and Podlaskie Voivodeship, were transferred from Lithuania to Poland.

Cossack Hetmans

[edit]

A Hetman was a military and civil leader, democratically elected by the Cossacks.

Under Lithuania and Poland (1486–1646)

[edit]

Several Cossack regiments were operating in Ukraine at this time that were largely independent of each other, so some of the Hetmans' tenures overlap.

1486–1492  Yurii Pats   governor of Kyiv; organizer Cossack units.
1488–1495  Bohdan Hlynskyi   Cossack leader, destroyer Ochakov.
1492–1505  Dmytro Putyatych  Cossack leader.
1510–1524  Senko Polozovych   governor of Kyiv; Cossack leader.
1514–1535  Ostap Dashkevych  Cossack leader.
1516–1528  Przecław Lanckoroński   Cossack leader.
1550–1557  Dmytro Vyshnevetsky   founder of the fortress at Minor Khortytsia.
1568  Semen Birulia   Cossack leader.
1568  Karpo Maslo   Cossack leader.
1568  Andrush   Moldavian boyar Cossack leader.
1568  Lisun   Cossack leader.
1568  Yatsko Bilous   Cossack leader.
1568  Andrii Liakh   Cossack leader.
1577–1578  Ivan Pidkova   Cossack leader.
1578  Lukian Chornynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1581  Samiilo Zborovskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1584  Bohdan Mykoshynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1585  Mykhailo Ruzhynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1585  Kyryk Ruzhynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1585  Zakhar Kulaha   Cossack leader, hetman.
1586  Lukian Chornynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1586  Bohdan Makoshynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1588  Potrebatskyy   Cossack leader, hetman.
1589  Zachary Kulaga   Cossack leader, hetman.
1594  Bohdan Mykoshynskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1594–1596  Hryhoriy Loboda   Cossack leader.
1594–1596  Severyn Nalyvaiko   Cossack leader.
1596  Matvii Shaula   Cossack leader, hetman.
1596  Kryshtof Krempskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1596  Kryshtof Nechkovskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1596–1597  Hnat Vasylevych   Cossack leader, hetman.
1597  Tykhin Baibuza   Cossack leader, hetman.
1598  Florian Hedroits   Cossack leader.
1598  Mitlovskyi   Cossack leader.
1602–1603  Ivan Kutskovych   Cossack leader, hetman.
1603  Ivan Kosyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1606  Hryhorii Izapovych   Cossack leader, hetman.
1606  Samiilo Zborovskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1606  Bohdan Olevchenko   Cossack leader, hetman.
1617  Dmytro Barabash   Cossack leader, hetman.
1618  Mykhailo Skyba   Cossack leader.
1619–1621   Yatsko Nerodych   Cossack leader, hetman.
1620  Petro Odynets   Cossack leader.
1624  Hryhoriy Chorny   Cossack leader, hetman.
1625  Fedir Pyrskyi   Cossack leader, hetman.
1628  Hryhoriy Chorny   Cossack leader, hetman.
1629–1630  Hryhoriy Chorny   Cossack leader, hetman.
1630  Taras Fedorovych   Cossack leader, hetman.
1632  Andrii Didenko   Cossack leader, hetman.
1633  Dorofii Doroshenko   Cossack leader, acting hetman.
1633  Dorosh Kutskovych   Cossack leader, acting hetman.
1633  Hyria Kanevets   Cossack leader.
1633–1635  Ivan Sulyma   Cossack leader, hetman.
1636–1637  Vasyl Tomylenko   Cossack leader, hetman.
1637  Pavlo Pavliuk   Cossack leader, hetman.
1638  Yakiv Ostrianyn   Cossack leader, hetman.
1638  Dmytro Hunia   Cossack leader, hetman.
1639–1642  Karpo Pivtora-Kozhukha   Cossack leader, hetman.
1642–1646  Maksym Hulak   Cossack leader, hetman.

Cossack Hetmanate (1648–1764)

[edit]

Following the Khmelnytsky uprising a new Cossack republic, the Hetmanate, was formed.

No. Hetman Elected (event) Took office Left office
1 Bohdan Khmelnytsky
(1596–1657)
Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
1648 (Sich) 26 January 1648 6 August 1657 died
2 Yurii Khmelnytsky
(1641–1685)
Юрій Хмельницький
death of his father 6 August 1657 27 August 1657 reconsidered by the Council of Officers
3 Ivan Vyhovsky
(????–1664)
Іван Виговський
1657 (Korsun) 27 August 1657
(confirmed: 21 October 1657)
11 September 1659 surrendered title
4 Yurii Khmelnytsky
(1641–1685)
Юрій Хмельницький
1659 (Hermanivka) 11 September 1659
(confirmed: 11 September 1659)
October 1662 surrendered title
Pavlo Teteria
(1620?–1670)
Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський
1662 (Chyhyryn) October 1662 July 1665 (legitimacy questioned)
5 Ivan Briukhovetsky
(1623–1668)
Іван Брюховецький
1663 (Nizhyn) 27 June 1663
(confirmed: 27 June 1663)
17 June 1668 died
6 Petro Doroshenko
(1627–1698)
Петро Дорошенко
1666 (Chyhyryn) 10 October 1665
(confirmed: January 1666)
19 September 1676 surrendered to Ivan Samoylovych
Demian Mnohohrishny
(1631–1703)
Дем'ян Многогрішний
1669 (Hlukhiv) 17 December 1668
(confirmed: 3 March 1669)
April 1672 arrested and exiled to Siberia
7 Ivan Samoylovych
(1630s–1690)
Іван Самойлович
1672 (Cossack Grove) 17 June 1672 August 1687 arrested and exiled to Siberia
8 Ivan Mazepa
(1639-1709)
Іван Мазепа
1687 (Kolomak) 4 August 1687 6 November 1708 "stripped" of a title, discredited
9 Ivan Skoropadsky
(1646–1722)
Іван Скоропадський
1708 (Hlukhiv) 6 November 1708 14 July 1722 died
Pavlo Polubotok
(1660–1724)
Павло Полуботок
appointed hetman 1722 1724 died in prison
Collegium of Little Russia (Stepan Velyaminov) 1722-1727
10 Danylo Apostol
(1654–1734)
Данило Апостол
1727 (Hlukhiv) 12 October 1727 29 March 1734 died
Yakiv Lyzohub
(1675–1749)
Яків Лизогуб
appointed hetman 1733 1749 died
provisional Hetman Government Administration 1734-1745
11 Kyrylo Rozumovsky
(1728–1803)
Кирило Розумовський
1750 (Hlukhiv) 22 February 1750 1764 resigned
Collegium of Little Russia 1764-1786 (Pyotr Rumyantsev)

Historians such as Mykola Arkas[36] question legitimacy of the Teteria's elections accusing the later in corruption.[37] Also some sources claim election of Teteria being taken place in January 1663.[38] The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by bigger number of unrest in the modern region of Kirovohrad Oblast as well as Polesie (all in the Right-bank Ukraine).[39] Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both bank of Dnieper River.[39] Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663, the Tsardom of Muscovy created the new Little Russian Office (Prikaz) within its Ambassadorial Office.

Vouched by Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel, Yuriy Khmelnytsky was freed from the Ottoman captivity, appointed and along with Pasha Ibragim was sent to Ukraine fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681 Mehmed IV appointed George Ducas the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Following the anathema on Mazepa and the election of Ivan Skoropadsky, Cossack Hetmanate was included into the Russian Government of Kiev in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely titles, first to Moldavian nobleman and later to the Russian Empress favorite.

On 5 April 1710 the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected Pylyp Orlyk as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla warfare at the southern borders of the Russian Empire with the support from Ottoman and Swedish empires.

The Ruin (1660–1764) was a time in Ukrainian history when the country fell into disarray and chaos. Afterwards, the Cossack state emerged as a vassal of the Russian Empire. During this period a number of hetmans stayed in power for short periods of time and often controlled only parts of the country. Moreover, the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667) split the Cossack Hetmanate along the Dnieper River into Left-bank Ukraine, which enjoyed a degree of autonomy within the Tsardom of Russia; and Right-bank Ukraine which remained part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and at times (1672–1699) part of the Ottoman Empire.

Right-bank Ukraine Left-bank Ukraine
Polish protectorate Russian protectorate
1660—1663 Yurii Khmelnytsky 1660—1663 Yakym Somko
1663—1665 Pavlo Teteria 1663—1668 Ivan Briukhovetsky
1665—1668 Petro Doroshenko
Unification
1668—1669 Petro Doroshenko
Partition
Right-bank Ukraine Left-bank Ukraine
Osman protectorate Polish protectorate Russian protectorate Swedish protectorate
1669—1676 Petro Doroshenko 1669—1674 Mykhailo Khanenko 1669—1672 Demian Mnohohrishny
1678—1681 Yurii Khmelnytsky 1675—1679 Ostap Gogol 1672—1687 Ivan Samoilovych
1681—1684 Gheorghe Duca 1683—1684 Stefan Kunicki
1685 Yurii Khmelnytsky 1684—1689 Andrii Mohyła
1687—1708 Ivan Mazepa
Unification
1708—1722 Ivan Skoropadsky 1708—1709 Ivan Mazepa
1708—1718 Pylyp Orlyk
1718—1742 Pylyp Orlyk 1722—1724 Pavlo Polubotok
1727—1734 Danylo Apostol
1750—1764 Kirill Razumovsky

Under the Russian Empire and the Habsburg monarchy

[edit]

After the dissolution of the Cossack Hetmanate, a new Malorossiyan collegium was established in 1764, and the Zaporozhian Host was disbanded in 1775. As a result of the second and third Partitions of Poland in 1793 and 1795, eastern and central parts of the territory of present-day Ukraine were incorporated directly into the Russian Empire. The western part became part of the Habsburg monarchy earlier, in the following order: Carpathian Ruthenia (1526/1699), Galicia (1772), and Bukovina (1775).

Ukraine In the Russian Empire (1721 – 1917)

1721 – 1725 Peter I the Great (Петро І Великий)

1725 – 1727 Catherine I (Катерина І)

1727 – 1730 Peter II (Петро II)

1730 – 1740 Anna (Анна)

1741 – 1742 Elizabeth (Єлизавета Петрівна)

1742 Peter III (Петро III)

1762 – 1796 Catherine II the Great (Катерина II Велика)

1796 – 1801 Paul I (Павло І)

1801 – 1825 Alexander I the Blessed (Олександр I Блаженний)

1825 – 1855 Nicholas I (Микола І)

1855 – 1881 Alexander II the Liberator (Олександр II Визволитель)

1881 – 1894 Alexander III the Peacemaker (Олександр III Миротворець)

1894 –1917 Nicholas II (Микола II)

The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austrian Empire (1772–1918)

1772 – 1780 Maria Theresa (Марія Терезія)

1780 – 1790 Joseph II (Йосип II)

1790 – 1792 Leopold II (Леопольд II)

1792 – 1835 Francis II (Франциск II)

1835 – 1848 Ferdinand I (Фердинанд І)

1848 – 1916 Francis Joseph I (Франц Йосип І)

1916 – 1918 Charles I (Карл I)

Leaders during the Russian Revolution

[edit]

Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921)

[edit]

The Ukrainian People's Republic was formed after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and lasted until the Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia in March 1921. The state leadership position title varied and, despite a rather widespread misconception, none of them had an official Presidential title.

The Directorate of Ukraine was a provisional council of the UNR formed after Skoropadskyi's Hetmanate fell apart. On 22 January 1919, the Act of Unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic was passed. The text of the universal was made by the members of the Directory.

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
Volodymyr Pavlovych Naumenko
(1852–1919)
17 (4) March 1917 28 (15) March 1917 Constitutional Democratic Party Chairman of the Central Rada
1 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
(1866–1934)
28 (15) March 1917[40] 29 April 1918 Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party Chairman of the Central Rada
2 Volodymyr Vynnychenko
(1880–1951)
14 December 1918 11 February 1919 Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party Chairman of the Directory
3 Symon Petliura
(1879–1926)
11 February 1919 10 November 1920 Independent Chairman of the Directory

Ukrainian State (1918)

[edit]

Following a coup inspirated by the German military authorities on 29 April 1918, an authoritarian provisional state was proclaimed by a former Imperial Russian General Pavlo Skoropadskyi, who proclaimed himself Hetman of Ukraine. This regime was deposed in December same year, when the Ukrainian People's Republic was reinstalled, now led by the Directory.

Hetman Reign Dynasty
Pavlo Skoropadskyi
(1873–1945)
29 April 1918 – 14 December 1918 Skoropadsky

Western Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)

[edit]

The government of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, which was proclaimed on 19 October 1918, united with the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 January 1919, although this was mostly a symbolic act because the western Ukrainians retained their own Ukrainian Galician Army and government structure. After the Polish-Ukrainian War, Poland took over most of territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic by July 1919.

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
1 Yevhen Petrushevych
(1863–1940)
18 October 1918 22 January 1919 Ukrainian National Democratic Party President

Leaders after the Russian Revolution

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1917–1991)

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The nomenclature for the head of state position was changing. At first it was called the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, then it was called the Uprising Nine (Povstanburo) which was later reorganized into the Central Military-Revolutionary Committee (sort of revkom). In mid July 1918 there were some biases about the idea of the Ukrainian SSR, but with the help of more nationally inclined bolsheviks such as Skrypnyk, Zatonsky, and others the government of the Soviet Ukraine was preserved. After the defeat of Directoria the head of state was again called as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee. Ukraine was incorporated into the Soviet Union on 30 December 1922. Since 1938 the position began to be called as the chairman of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada which was abolished in 1990. From 1990 to 1991 it was simply the head of the Verkhovna Rada until the introduction of the office of the President of Ukrainian SSR.

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Title(s)
1 Yukhym Medvedev
(1886–1936)
24 December 1917 18 March 1918 Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
2 Volodymyr Zatonsky
(1888–1938)
18 March 1918 18 April 1918 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
Ukrainian Bureau For Directing
the Partisan Resistance Against
the German Occupiers
18 April 1918 28 November 1918 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
Georgy Pyatakov
(1890–1937)
28 November 1918 29 January 1919 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
Christian Rakovsky
(1873–1941)
29 January 1919 10 March 1919 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
3 Grigory Petrovsky
(1878–1958)
10 March 1919 10 March 1938 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
Leonid Korniyets
(1901–1967)
10 March 1938 25 July 1938 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee
Mykhailo Burmystenko
(1902–1941)
25 July 1938 27 July 1938 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) First speaker of Verkhovna Rada
4 Leonid Korniyets
(1901–1969)
27 July 1938 28 July 1939 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
28 July 1939 14 January 1954 Communist Party of Ukraine (bolshevik) Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
5 Demyan Korotchenko
(1894–1969)
14 January 1954 7 April 1969 Communist Party of Ukraine Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
6 Oleksandr Liashko
(1915–2002)
7 April 1969 8 June 1972 Communist Party of Ukraine Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
7 Ivan Hrushetsky
(1904–1982)
8 June 1972 24 June 1976 Communist Party of Ukraine Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
8 Oleksiy Vatchenko
(1914–1984)
24 June 1976 22 November 1984 Communist Party of Ukraine Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
9 Valentyna Shevchenko
(1935–2020)
22 November 1984 4 June 1990 Communist Party of Ukraine Chairmen of the Presidium of Verkhovna Rada
10 Vladimir Ivashko
(1932–1994)
4 June 1990 9 July 1990 Communist Party of Ukraine Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada
Ivan Plyushch
(1941–2014)
9 July 1990 23 July 1990 Communist Party of Ukraine Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada
11 Leonid Kravchuk
(1934–2022)
23 July 1990 24 August 1991 Communist Party of Ukraine Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada

Directorate of the UPR in exile (1920–1948)

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In Paris and Prague to 1945; in New York City during 1945–1946; in Munich during 1945–1948:

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party
1 Symon Petliura
(1879–1926)
12 November 1920 25 May 1926 Independent
2 Andriy Livytskyi
(1879–1954)
25 May 1926 16 July 1948 Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party

Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)

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  Christian People's Party

No. Portrait Name In Office From In Office Until Party
1 Avgustyn Voloshyn
1874–1945
15 March 1939 16 March 1939 Christian People's Party

Ukrainian State (1941)

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Prime Minister of the Ukrainian State:   Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

No. Portrait Name In Office From In Office Until Party
1 Yaroslav Stetsko
1912–1986
30 June 1941 9 July 1941 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

Presidents of the UPR in exile (1948–1992)

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In Munich during 1948–1992, and in New York City in 1992:

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party
1 Andriy Livytskyi
(1879–1954)
16 July 1948 17 January 1954 Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
2 Stepan Vytvytskyi
(1884–1965)
17 January 1954 9 October 1965 Independent
3 Mykola Livytskyi
(1907–1989)
9 October 1965 8 December 1989 Independent
4 Mykola Plaviuk
(1925–2012)
8 December 1989 22 August 1992 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

Presidents of modern Ukraine

[edit]

On 5 July 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR passed a law establishing the post of the "President of the Ukrainian SSR". The title was changed to "President of Ukraine" upon the proclamation of independence on 24 August 1991, simultaneously making then-Speaker of the parliament Leonid Kravchuk acting president.

The first presidential election in Ukraine was held on 1 December 1991. On 22 August 1992, the last President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile Mykolva Plaviuk transferred his authorities to the first post-Soviet president Leonid Kravchuk.

  Non-partisan, without support or independent   People's Union "Our Ukraine"   Party of Regions   All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"   Petro Poroshenko Bloc "Solidarity"   Servant of the People

President Took office Left office Elected Party
Leonid Kravchuk
(1934–2022)
24 August 1991 5 December 1991 [a] Independent
1 5 December 1991 19 July 1994 1991
2 Leonid Kuchma
(Born 1938)
19 July 1994 23 January 2005 1994
1999
Independent
3 Viktor Yushchenko
(Born 1954)
23 January 2005 25 February 2010 2004 Our Ukraine
4 Viktor Yanukovych
(Born 1950)
25 February 2010 22 February 2014 2010 Party of Regions
Oleksandr Turchynov
(Born 1964)
23 February 2014 7 June 2014 [b] Fatherland
5 Petro Poroshenko
(Born 1965)
7 June 2014 20 May 2019 2014 Petro Porshenko Bloc
6 Volodymyr Zelenskyy
(Born 1978)
20 May 2019 Incumbent 2019 Servant of the People
  1. ^ Acting President as then-Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada between the proclamation of independence and the first presidential election.
  2. ^ Acting President after the 2014 Revolution of Dignity and the subsequent flight of Viktor Yanukovych to Russia.

Timeline

[edit]
Volodymyr ZelenskyyPetro PoroshenkoOleksandr TurchynovViktor YanukovychViktor YushchenkoLeonid KuchmaLeonid KravchukIvan PlyushchVladmir IvashkoValentyna Shevchenko (politician)Oleksiy VatchenkoIvan HrushetskyOleksandr LiashkoDemyan KorotchenkoYaroslav StetskoMykhailo BurmystenkoLeonid KorniyetsGrigory PetrovskySymon PetliuraChristian RakovskyVolodymyr VynnychenkoGeorgy PyatakovYevhen PetrushevychPavlo SkoropadskyiCommunist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)Voldymyr ZatonskyYukhym MedvedevMykhailo HrushevskyVolodymyr Pavlovych Naumenko

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Nordiska furstar lade grunden till Ryssland". historiskamedia.se.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ Suszko, Henryk (2003). Latopis hustyński. Opracowanie, przekład i komentarze. Slavica Wratislaviensia CXXIV. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. ISBN 83-229-2412-7; Tolochko, Oleksiy (2010). The Hustyn' Chronicle. (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature: Texts). ISBN 978-1-932650-03-7
  3. ^ "Riuryk of Novgorod". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  4. ^ For simplifying the matter, only the most important parts of Ukrainian Kievan Rus will appear.
  5. ^ "Sveerne". www.fortidensjelling.dk.
  6. ^ Олександр Палій (2015). Історія України: Посібник. Yuri Marchenko. p. 105. ISBN 978-617-684-099-2.
  7. ^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007 ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
  8. ^ Vladimir Plougin: Russian Intelligence Services: The Early Years, 9th–11th Centuries, Algora Publ., 2000
  9. ^ History of Ukraine-Rus': From prehistory to the eleventh century, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1997
  10. ^ Also known as Jarisleif I. See Google books
  11. ^ According to A. Nazarenko. It was thought not long ago that the first wife of Sviatopolk was Barbara Komnene, a supposed daughter of Alexios I Komnenos. However, the lack of tradition of such a name in the Byzantine Empire led to doubt. Today she may be considered fictional.
  12. ^ Possibly identified with Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, prince of Murom. Information presented for Constantine refers to Yaroslav.
  13. ^ a b c Monomakh branch (Mstyslavychi) at Izbornik
  14. ^ In 1141-46 Volhynia was ruled by Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich. See his entry below in the table.
  15. ^ Л.Войтович КНЯЗІВСЬКІ ДИНАСТІЇ СХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ
  16. ^ МЭСБЕ/Анна (имя жен и дочерей русских князей и государей)  (in Russian). 1909 – via Wikisource.
  17. ^ Some authors give Rurik II a two-year-reign (1210–1212), and attribute to Vsevolod the Red a second reign (1212–1215), which, in this case, would mean that Vsevolod died in 1215, and not in 1212.
  18. ^ a b Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernihiv – 1146–1246.
  19. ^ The chroniclers neglect to reveal the identity of Yaroslav's wife, but the Lyubetskiy sinodik calls her Irene; Dimnik, Martin op. cit. 121.
  20. ^ Basing their observations on the evidence of the Lay of Igor's Campaign, a number of historians have suggested that her name was Evfrosinia and that she may have been Igor's second wife; on the other hand, the chronicles neither give Yaroslavna's name nor suggest that she was Igor's second wife; Dimnik, Martin op. cit. 121.
  21. ^ Kann, Robert A. (2010). A history of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04206-3. OCLC 951424408. The Habsburg policy in Galicia and Bukovyna to support the Uniate church and her educational institutions and to a lesser degree the Greek Orthodox Church for the benefit of the Ruthenian Ukrainian population cannot be classified simply as divide et impera" "the first and second generation of Ruthenian literary men under Habsburg rule served this ultimate goal of Ruthenian-Ukrainian nationalism
  22. ^ Subtelny, Orest (2012). Ukraine a history. Univ. of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-0991-4. OCLC 948518600. the populace belong to the great Ruthenian [Ukrainian] nation, whose 15 million members, of whom 2.5 million live in Galicia, all speak the same language" (1848) "the Supreme Ruthenian Council, the first modern Ukrainian political organization" "they attempted to neutralize the Supreme Ruthenian Council by forming a rival Ukrainian organization that was pro-Polish.
  23. ^ A history of Ukraine: the land and its peoples. 1 June 2011. The Ruthenian club established the first permanent Ukrainian theatre anywhere and with cadres from Galicia and Dnieper Ukraine
  24. ^ Wilson, Andrew, 1961- author. (15 October 2015). The Ukrainians : unexpected nation. ISBN 978-0-300-21965-4. OCLC 922581401. the Ukrainians were known as 'Rusyns' or, in the English version Ruthenians {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Новосівський, Іван М. (1970). Bukovinian Ukrainians; a historical background and their self-determination in 1918. Association of Bukovinian Ukrainians. OCLC 151305. Rumanized Ruthenian (Ukrainian) faith and customs
  26. ^ "Ruthenians". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  27. ^ Depending on the title of the ruler it was called either principality or kingdom.
  28. ^ Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
  29. ^ Font, Márta (1991). "II. András orosz politikája és hadjáratai [Andrew II's policy and campaigns in Rus']". Századok (in Hungarian). 125 (1–2): 107–144k. ISSN 0039-8098.
  30. ^ Hollý, Karol (2007). "Princess Salomea and Hungarian–Polish Relations in the Period 1214–1241" (PDF). Historický Časopis. 55 (Supplement): 5–32. ISSN 0018-2575.
  31. ^ До половецкого плена; Соловьёв С. М. История России с дневнейших времён
  32. ^ Thurston, Herbert (ed.). Butler's Lives of the Saints – September.
  33. ^ "История монголов Карпини. Электронная библиотека исторического факультета МГУ". www.hist.msu.ru.
  34. ^ "Розділ 4.1. Леонтій Войтович. Князівські династії Східної Європи". izbornyk.org.ua.
  35. ^ Referred as natus dux et dominus Russiae
  36. ^ Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).
  37. ^ Lohvyn, Yu. Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine. "Merry Alphabet".
  38. ^ Pavlo Teteria. History of the Great Nation.
  39. ^ a b Horobets, V. Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s-1660s. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kyiv: "Naukova Dumka", 2004.
  40. ^ March 28 - The meeting of the Ukrainian Central Council, first chaired by Mykhailo Hrushevsky